On April 24, 2025, the New York Supreme Court First Appellate Department held that freelance workers can bring claims pursuant to Administrative Code of City of NY § 20-930 et seq., also known as the Freelance Isn’t Free Act (“FIFA”), even where they work with other people to fulfill a freelance project.
Plaintiffs-Appellants Joseph Chen, a photographer, and Dina Kozlovksa, a model, brought their claims against a bridal shop under FIFA for unpaid compensation of freelance services rendered. The Defendant-Appellant argued, on appeal after denial of their motion for summary judgment, that Chen was not considered a freelance worker because he brought three assistants, viewed as being counter to the statutory definition of a “freelance worker” under FIFA as “any natural person or any organization composed of no more than one natural person […].”
The Court was not persuaded by this statutory interpretation, finding that “nothing in the statutory definition of ‘freelance worker’ negates such status where a person or single-person organization uses assistants temporarily hired as independent contractors to fulfill a freelance project.” Accordingly, Chen was entitled to summary judgment as against Defendant-Appellant.
Separately, prior to commencing litigation, Chen and Kozlovska checked a box on an administrative complaint form filed with the Office of Labor Policy & Standards stating that they did not work individually, but “as part of a group of two or more people.” Defendant-Appellant further contended that because of this representation, they were also precluded from recovery under FIFA. The court rejected this argument. The Deputy Commissioner of the Office of Labor Policy & Standards stated that a “checked box on the complaint form is not dispositive of whether a freelancer has a valid claim, or whether FIFA applies to the freelancer’s claim. Legal questions concerning how FIFA applies in a particular case are reserved for a court of competent jurisdiction to decide.”
As to Kozlovska, the court found that her prior use of a modeling agency does not alter her status as a freelancer. The law does not “mandate direct contracting between a freelance worker and the hiring party,” the court said.
The Appellate Court’s ruling modifies a lower court order that denied summary judgment to the Plaintiffs-Appellants.